Virage 2.0 Réseaux sociaux
Dresser le portrait Web 2.0 de l’entreprise
«COMMENT ENTREPRENDRE LE VIRAGE 2.0»
par Raymond Morin
L'optimisation des médias sociaux : dresser le portrait Web 2.0 de l'entreprise
L’émergence phénoménale des sites de réseautage social (Facebook, MySpace), de partage de fichiers (YouTube, FlickR) et de micro-blogging (Twitter) retient définitivement l’attention des professionnels et des entrepreneurs de tout acabit. On cherche à mieux comprendre les médias sociaux pour en profiter dorénavant dans un contexte professionnel. On parle désormais d’optimisation des médias sociaux (Social Media Optimization ou SMO).
Toutefois, si une entreprise ou une organisation souhaite intégrer certaines de ces applications, elle devra d’abord réévaluer la manière qu’elle exploite déjà le commerce électronique à travers son site, comment elle exploite le marketing viral, le courrier électronique et le référencement qui sont à la base du Web en entreprise. Il devra s’interroger également sur son identité numérique, et revisiter l’image de marque qu’il voudra véhiculer à travers les médias sociaux.
Pour plusieurs entrepreneurs, l’optimisation des médias sociaux va d’abord se traduire par une nouvelle technique de référencement naturel qui leur permettra d’atteindre leur premier objectif de positionnement dans le réseau. Dans un premier temps, c’est souvent par le biais d’une nouvelle visibilité qu’ils escomptent réaliser un retour sur leur investissement. Ils souhaitent susciter de nouvelles opportunités d’affaires, voire même en réalisant de nouvelles ventes. Une première démarche qui s’inscrit dans une approche de marketing traditionnel qui atteint cependant très vite ses limites auprès de la nouvelle génération d’utilisateurs.
Le plein potentiel de l’entreprise 2.0 ne se limite pas à des opérations de référencement s’inscrivant dans des stratégies traditionnelles de marketing et de ventes basées sur l’approche conventionnelle. Plusieurs entrepreneurs et de nombreux professionnels exploitent déjà avec succès les possibilités du web collaboratif, en les appliquant pour leur service à la clientèle ou à travers leur gestion des ressources humaines. Si on veut pleinement apprécier le potentiel du Web 2.0 au sein d’une entreprise, on doit reconsidérer les objectifs de retour sur investissement (ROI) sous un nouvel angle, davantage axé sur de nouvelles méthodes de travail et de collaboration, car les bénéfices qu’on peut retirer des médias sociaux et du Web 2.0 ne se chiffrent pas toujours en argent sonnant.
DÉFINISSEZ D’ABORD VOTRE POTENTIEL WEB 2.0
L’élaboration et le déploiement d’un plan SMO nécessitent une certaine réorganisation du processus d’opérations d’une entreprise. L’entrepreneur ou le professionnel qui opte pour une nouvelle stratégie axée vers les médias sociaux doit considérer l’importance d’une préparation adéquate. Un plan d’optimisation des médias sociaux impliquera une réorganisation en profondeur des ressources humaines, et une redéfinition des objectifs corporatifs. Il trouvera bien sûr de nombreux avantages aux applications du Web 2.0 en entreprise, mais il devra se préparer à des changements de méthodes de travail et de collaboration.
La première étape d’une bonne préparation au virage du Web 2.0 consiste à identifier les éléments clé, sur lesquels on pourra compter, au sein de son entreprise. Du coup, ça permettra également de cerner plus rapidement les réticences que l’on risque de rencontrer dans le processus de changement. Pour dresser le portrait Web 2.0 de votre organisation, déterminez d’abord l’importance qu’y occupent les natifs numériques. Puisqu’ils seront en première ligne des changements, ils s’avèrent la pierre angulaire d’un virage réussi vers l’entreprise 2.0.
Voici deux opérations simples pour établir le portait de la situation :
A – Établissez l’inventaire de votre personnel, ou de vos collaborateurs, en commençant par identifier les natifs numériques, c’est-à-dire tous ceux de moins de 25 ans. Puisqu’ils savent mieux que quiconque exploiter les nouvelles applications du Web 2.0, placez-les dès le départ au centre des changements. Tout au long du processus, assurez-vous de considérer leur opinion. Ils constitueront les éléments clé de votre succès dans les médias sociaux. Sur la même liste, regroupez ensuite le reste de votre personnel selon les générations (X, Y) auxquelles ils appartiennent. Pour chacune de ces sous-catégories, vous pourrez alors mieux identifier les migrants numériques (early adopters), qui viendront éventuellement contribuer aussi au projet. Enfin, parmi les baby-boomers de votre personnel cadre ou de vos principaux collaborateurs, identifiez ceux qui participeront également.
B – Demandez-leur de spécifier quelles applications Web 2.0 ils utilisent eux-mêmes le plus souvent, et de vous décrire de quelles façons elles améliorent leur qualité de vie. Comment ils croient que les applications du Web 2.0 et les médias sociaux viendront améliorer leurs méthodes de travail et de collaboration. Ces révélations permettront de mieux cerner leurs attentes face au phénomène du web collaboratif, et de mieux comprendre les motivations des utilisateurs.
En identifiant dès le départ les joueurs clés au sein de vos ressources humaines ou de vos collaborateurs, il vous sera alors beaucoup plus facile d’intégrer plus tard de nouvelles pratiques et de nouvelles solutions technologiques. Ce premier état des lieux permettra de mieux cibler les forces et les faiblesses de votre organisation, avant qu’elle n’amorce définitivement son virage vers l’entreprise 2.0. Une phase de préparation qui vous permettra de cibler encore plus clairement les services et départements de votre entreprise, ou de votre organisation, qui mériteront une attention plus particulière dans votre plan SMO.
Extrait du livre «Comment entreprendre le virage 2.0», par Raymond Morin. Paru aux Éditions Transcontinental (Collection Entreprendre), en collaboration avec la Fondation de l’entrepreneurship du Québec.
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